Prairie Restoration
Rebekah Cammack • July 27, 2022
In June’s blog, we discussed alternatives to lawn; one of the suggestions we made was a natural meadow. The idea of a natural meadow with native plants sounds very romantic, but the execution of getting there can be a bit nebulous and overwhelming. When I found out about a guided tour of one of the largest native grassland restorations in Oregon, I jumped at the opportunity to go see for myself what a 16-year-established oak savannah and prairie looks like, and to hear about the journey it took to get there. So, on a sunny summer day, Forrest, Dale and I set out to Jefferson, Oregon to see what this huge project was all about and hopefully gain some insight into how it could be applied to residential sites.
I grew up in a home where if you were on time, you were five minutes late. This has left me with a strict obsession to be on time in everything I do; this comes as both a blessing and curse. As we pulled up to the farm site, it quickly became apparent we were one of the first to arrive and were roped into helping direct all the arriving vehicles to find parking. When there is a restoration event in rural Oregon, a wide array of people (and vehicles) show up. We had Priuses full of Portlanders in their Chacos with binoculars hanging around their necks, government employees from a variety of departments in their trucks and hefty work boots, and everything in between. It was fun to see the diverse community a project like this draws in.
The site: The company Heritage Seedlings has spent the last 16 years working on the Jefferson Farm Restoration just outside of Jefferson, Oregon. They hired botanist Lynda Boyer to be the overseer of the project. This is probably the largest private restoration project in the state; the project is working to enhance and restore 135 acres of habitat that was formerly grass farm and grazing pastures. Prior to 1850, much of the Willamette valley was open prairie and now there is only 1% left. I will link here a wonderful presentation that Lynda has posted on the heritage seedlings website that is full of good information in her own words.
The components of a native meadow:
There are two main things that make up a prairie: grass and forbes. Grasses used in restoration projects include Prairie Junegrass, Romer’s fescue, California Oatgrass and Pine Bluegrass. Forbes are essentially the perennials and annuals that come up every year. These include plants like Checker Mallow, Erigeron, Iris tenax, Camas, etc.
HERE is an article Lynda wrote in 2018 about pollinators; the whole thing is worth a read, but if you’re in a hurry she starts a list of desirable native forbes and grasses on page 49.
Getting started:
Lynda gave some very practical advice for how to get started on a site.
- You don’t have to start from scratch; let things come up and do an inventory of what is already thriving on your property—you might be surprised by what you find.
- If there are native plants present, collect seeds and plant them.
- Focus on getting rid of the invasive species that are present: rhizomatous grasses, blackberry, thistles, clover, etc. There are often certain herbicides that can be used to spot spray these plants.
- Keep in mind that as you take things out you are opening space for other options—have a plan for those possibilities! Otherwise, you may have just given breathing room for another invasive specie to take over.
- That being said, plant more plants! This can be done via seed, plants in plugs, pots or a combination. Lynda recommends planting grasses and forbes at the same time.
- Do you hate those gopher holes that pop up in your yard? Well now you can look at them as freshly disturbed soil that is there for the planting! Whenever the soil is disturbed in your site area, throw some seed in.
- Prior to 1850, a lot of the native prairie in the Willamette valley was maintained and cultivated by indigenous peoples through controlled burning. This helps control the invasives and encourages a lot of the forbes that propagate after fire. Controlled burning in this environment, for the average homeowner, is not a possibility. However, an annual mowing/string trimming will mimic the effects of the fire. It is best to mow as late in the fall as possible and leave the meadow at a 6” height. Depending on the site, you could even stretch it to mowing every other year in a patchwork pattern, helping the insect population who is at home there to thrive.
Potentilla with Spider
A word about pollinators:
Joining our tour was an entemologist who explained the very complicated system surrounding pollinating insects and plants. What bug pollinates which plant is completely variable based on location and year. Jefferson Farm provides an important space where he and his colleagues can observe and study the pollination habits of insects and our native plants over a long span of time.
This is a list entemologists have made of the pollinators at Jefferson farms and the plants they visit. You can see how complex it is.
More and more I have clients who want to incorporate a piece of restoration onto their property. Here are some things I think clients need to know:
- You have to be comfortable with weeds; you will probably never 100% get rid of invasives, you simply have to control them as best as you can and pick your battles. For example, focus on killing the blackberries first over the oxeye daisies. Here is a poster of some of the worst invasives we have here in Oregon
- You will have some failures; you just have to keep trying things to see what takes, you cannot give up easily.
- It takes consistency to get it looking good.
- Start with a small area and increase it as you go so it doesn’t feel overwhelming all at once.
- There are some really smart people (like Lynda Boyer) doing this on a huge scale. If you’re passionate about this, see what they’re doing, if there are ways you can get involved and what information you can glean from what they have accomplished.
- Spring season is the season that shines. In our climate here in the valley, wild meadows will look their best and be at their peak in the spring when the majority of the forbes are blooming—a lot of our native perennials go dormant in the summer heat.
This restoration work feels very different than what we typically do in residential design. It isn’t uniform, it can get messy and it honestly takes someone who is invested in upkeeping it over the years to make it successful. However, the end product is something beautiful and good for our little piece of the world.
We look forward to seeing and catching up with so many of you! This is a great time to add new plants to your garden for discount prices as low as $5.00! Bring your friends! Please RSVP for the event at the link below: https://www.winterbloominc.com/contact
Garden Tips and Tricks for September September and October are my favorite months of the year. The air cools, the light shifts, and the season takes on that autumn magic that always makes me think of Halloween. Summer is winding down, but the garden is still alive with tasks that prepare it for the darker months ahead. Unlike spring’s dramatic storms and sudden frosts, fall eases in gently, carrying us toward the rainy season by late October. September Gardening Tasks: Ease off watering – Let plants harden off for winter, but check the soil and water if it’s dry. Keep weeding – Persistence now makes for an easier spring. Renovate or seed lawns – September and October are prime months while the air is cool and the soil is workable. Beware of fallen leaves on newly seeded areas. Slug baiting – Use traps or the beer-in-a-jar trick to keep them in check. Monitor areas and determine your threshold for damage. Slugs are also part of our habitat gardens. Trim back perennials – Clear away browned foliage to tidy beds before winter, or for habitat and sustainable gardening, leave perennials for mulch/habitat and forage for birds and insects. Planting and transplanting – September through March is ideal, with November the peak month. If you haven’t yet, begin planning which hardy annuals to seed in late October-November. Harvest – Gather winter squash, tomatoes, and potatoes while they’re ready. Winter vegetables – Early September is the last chance west of the Cascades for kale, Brussels sprouts, turnips, cabbage, and other winter favorites. Lawn fertilizer – This is the last month for summer fertilizer; switch to a fall/winter mix in November. Rhododendron cuttings – This is a good time to start new plants if desired. Prep compost piles – Stock them with fall leaves and garden trimmings for rich soil next year. Houseplants – Bring them indoors when nights turn too chilly.
May Tips for a Habitat-Friendly Garden Plant annuals (but wait on heat-lovers): May is a good time to plant annuals in containers and beds. Hold off on heat-loving crops like tomatoes and basil until nights are reliably warm and the soil has warmed—planting too early can stress or stunt them. Start mindful watering: If rainfall has been low, begin deep, infrequent watering (about once a week). This encourages strong root systems and conserves water. Avoid overhead watering in the evening to reduce fungal issues. Rethink the lawn: If you maintain a lawn, mow higher to reduce water needs and encourage deeper roots. Consider letting some areas go wild or replacing turf with native groundcovers to increase habitat value. Weed wisely: Focus on removing weeds that are going to seed first. Even five minutes of weeding helps! Leave less aggressive weeds in place if time is short—many provide cover or nectar for insects. Support natural pest control: Promote beneficial insects like ladybugs and lacewings by planting a variety of nectar-rich flowers. For aphids, try a spray of soapy water or simply hose them off. Avoid broad-spectrum pesticides, which harm pollinators and beneficial bugs. Slug and root weevil control: Use methods that target pests without harming other wildlife. Nematodes work well for root weevil larvae. For slugs, try beer traps, copper tape, or manual removal. Diatomaceous earth can be effective but may also harm beneficial insects—use sparingly. Leave the mulch: Let leaf litter and composted mulch remain under shrubs. It feeds the soil, retains moisture, and supports beneficial microbes. Fertilize only if plants show signs of stress, and choose fish emulsion or compost tea when needed. Plant for fall and for pollinators: Now’s a great time to plant perennials like chrysanthemums (for fall color) and native flowering plants that bloom through summer and into fall—providing nectar for pollinators and habitat for insects. Plan your veggie garden: By late May or early June, plant warm-season crops like tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, squash, beans, pumpkins, and kale. Consider letting a few vegetables bolt (like dill and kale) to attract bees and butterflies. Watch for cabbage pests: Small holes in leaves may be flea beetles or cabbage worms. Use floating row covers, handpick pests, or apply BT sparingly. Companion planting with herbs like dill or nasturtiums can help deter pests naturally. Prune thoughtfully: After spring-blooming plants finish flowering, prune only if necessary. Leaving seed heads can provide food for birds and shelter for overwintering insects. Consider leaving trimmings in beds to decompose, except those trimmings of perennials with seed heads you don't want to spread. Avoid major trimming of trees, many birds are still nesting. Skip spraying trees unless necessary: If tent caterpillars are present and damaging fruit or shade trees, remove egg masses or nests manually. Spraying should be a last resort—consider how many caterpillars you can tolerate as part of a healthy ecosystem.
A Heartfelt Thank You and Holiday Cheers from Winterbloom Landscaping Cooperative As the year winds down, we find ourselves reflecting on the incredible journey we’ve taken together over the past months. Transitioning to a cooperative has been a transformative experience, and it’s one we couldn’t have navigated without the trust and support of our amazing customers. You’ve been with us through the changes—whether you’ve been a client for years or just joined us this season, your belief in our vision has kept us going. Your loyalty has allowed us to reimagine how we work, creating not just beautiful landscapes but a thriving, sustainable community. Thank you for being part of this new chapter with us. On December 7th , we celebrated all that we’ve accomplished together at our annual Winterbloom Holiday Party ! We gathered as a team to share laughs, stories, and some well-earned joy. Phil and Barb even joined us, making the celebration even more special! One of the most meaningful parts of this transition has been seeing the way our team has embraced this new model. Their hard work, creativity, and passion bring life to every project, and we’re so grateful to have such a dedicated and talented group of people by our side. This team isn’t just the heart of Winterbloom—they’re the reason we’ve been able to dream bigger and build something truly unique. Here are a few photos from the party:
October is the transition month, weather-wise, in western Oregon. Autumn has arrived, and with it, all the things we love—cooler days, vibrant fall colors, and a fresh start for your garden. Often, we begin experiencing some serious rains about mid-month, and then by Halloween, the rainy season has begun! The last week of October (but sometimes the first week in November) is the last time that we mow lawns weekly. Watch your lawn so that you can decide the best time to stop the chore. October is the first month we have a higher probability of being able to transplant from moist, soft soil into a moist, soft, new hole. All plants, of course, prefer to be dormant (asleep) when being transplanted. So, the coolness of October and (hopefully) moist soil are perfect for the beginning of the transplanting and planting season. The best planting time usually extends through the rainy season until about the middle of March. From mid-October to mid-March is the best time to plant in western Oregon. If you want more bulbs in your garden to bloom in March, April, or May, visit your local nursery to purchase spring bulbs and plant them. October and November are the traditional months for planting spring bulbs. You can also plant fall bulbs, such as Saffron Crocus and Colchicums. However, do not expect much from them until next fall! The rains will bring out the dormant, sleepy slugs, so setting slug bait out in your beds now will thwart a winter and spring invasion of new baby slugs! The fall leaves will soon begin dropping all over your garden. Remember to keep them off the lawn/grass areas and instead rake or blow them into your beds. The wet leaves will cause damage if left on your lawn! (Sometimes, only one day can leave a scorch mark on your lawn.) However, these leaves can become great free compost/mulch for your planting beds. This month, mulch should be placed around potentially tender plants such as Cannas, Fuchsias, Dahlias, and Calla Lilies. This will insulate them from frosts or freezes this coming winter. Get some bark mulch or chips and spread them two inches thick over any bare areas in your beds to prepare for the rainy season. This will prevent erosion and help to choke out sprouting weed seeds in spring. Late October is a great time to broadcast Native hardy annual seeds. If you can get them going now, most species will sail through the summer months with no water needs. Pro tips: Plant garlic bulbs now for harvesting next summer. Pick your green tomatoes and bring them into the garage to ripen. Harvest sunflower heads and bring them into the garage to dry. These are great birds to set out over the winter for birds or human snacking. Dig and store potatoes. Harvest apples, squash, and pumpkins, keeping them all in a dark, dry, cool place around 40-45 degrees. Harvest filberts and walnuts, placing them on mats where they can dry at about 60 degrees to get them ready for cracking and eating. Harvest the red Saffron pistils from your Saffron crocuses. It would help if you were quick to harvest each day because the rain and slugs will quickly spoil the beautiful red threads. Consider digging up and storing your Pelargoniums, hanging Fuchsias and Begonia bulbs in a cool, dry location in shredded newspapers or shavings for the winter, and watering them lightly once a month over the winter to keep them alive. Do not let them freeze! Consider propagating these plants from stem cuttings: Fuchsias, Chrysanthemums, and Pelargoniums. Put them in moist, sandy soil and cover them with a clear plastic bag–this keeps the moisture in. Also, keep them away from freezing temperatures. Give them some light from a window, and if they are at room temperature, they will root faster. Spray peach, cherry, and prune trees with a simple fruit tree and copper spray to prevent cankers and leaf curl diseases. Store any chemicals and fertilizers out of the moisture and away from children. Clean and prepare your greenhouse for winter storage. Consider manipulating light now to force your Christmas Cactus to bloom around the holidays. This is done indoors.
Garden Tips and Tricks for September 2024 September and October are my two favorite months of the year. The weather is beginning to cool down, but we still have some beautiful sunny days. Halloween is just around the corner and I have an abundance of bird activity in the garden still. Mornings are noticeably chilly, and it feels nice to add an extra layer to stay warm. The transition to Fall is my favorite! September Gardening Tasks: Slack off on watering in the beds, but water if your soil is dry. Less water now hardens plants off for winter. Weed. Yes, keep doing this! Never give up! September/October are the best months to plant new or to renovate old lawns, particularly as the air gets cooler and before it gets completely cloudy and cold. You may want a landscape company to perform this task for you. Bait for slugs. Remember the beer option, and if you do, make sure to bury something like a mason jar in the earth and fill it with beer to 1” below the lip, that way the slugs won’t be able to lean in and get a sip but will instead fall in. You can begin trimming off the tops of those perennials which have finished blooming and have turned brown, this will help to clear up the clutter before Winter arrives. September and on through March are the best months of the year to transplant or plant . The peak month for planting and transplanting is November. Pick and store winter squash when it is ready. This is usually late in September. Keep picking tomatoes and potatoes. Early September is the last month to plant your winter vegetable garden west of the Cascades. Examples are winter hardy kale, Brussels sprouts, different Italian greens, broccoli, raab, turnips, cabbage, kohlrabi and more. September is also the final month for regular summer lawn fertilizer application (use a special Fall/Winter mix for November). Now is a good time to take Rhododendron cuttings to start new ones if you are so inclined. Prepare your compost piles for recycling vegetation from your gardens and deciduous trees this fall. Use a copper spray for peach and cherry trees during dry periods. If you are prone to these diseases, spray for bacterial canker of blueberries, leaf cane spot and juniper twig blight (after pruning away dead and infected twigs) during dry periods. Bring houseplants indoors after cleaning and re-potting them, if nights get too cool. If possible, keep them out through October. Short Blog on How to Over Seed Your Lawn The best time for over seeding (filling in bare spots) or just grass seeding in general is September/October/November or March/April/ May. Scratch/rough up the bare areas in the lawn with a hard rake. Sprinkle some seed over these bare areas with just a little natural fertilizer and lime. Cover it to no more than ¼” deep with grass seed mulch. This looks like straw but does not have the weed seeds like straw bales have! Keep the area moist but NOT soaking wet. Lots of spritzes on hot days and just a few spritzes on cloudy days. Wait about two weeks to see what happens. If tiny green shoots, like green dog hair, begin appearing, you are doing well. If no green appears—or not enough to create happiness—repeat the performance every three weeks until you have grass. Keep the bag of grass seed in a cool place (like a garage) over the winter. In the summer put it in a refrigerator. (Watch out for rodents, they love the stuff!) Remember that overseeding a lawn regularly here and there in damaged areas is just a part of the life of owning a home which has a lawn.
